Legal Structure

Structure légale

Constitution Acts

§      Full text version of Canadian constitutional law (Constitution Act of 1867 and the Constitution Act of 1982). The 1982 document includes a schedule highlighting changes brought to the 1867 document, and adds seven new parts.

http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/const/index.html

 Français:

Lois constitutionnelles

§      Version complète des lois constitutionnelles canadiennes (Loi constitutionnelle de 1867 et de 1982). Le document de 1982 inclut une annexe document regroupant les changements faits au document de 1867 et ajoute sept nouvelles parties.

      http://laws.justice.gc.ca/fr/const/index.html

 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR THE MEDIA

 CADRE REGULATOIRE ENTOURANT LES MEDIAS

 English:

Canadian Radio-television and communications Commission (CRTC) – Statutes and Regulations

§      Links to full text of all acts regulating broadcasting and telecommunications in Canada.

http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/statutes.htm

Press Laws Database

§      Content of Canadian laws and prospective legislation pertaining to media highlighting content and missing elements. Includes Public Information and Access to Government Information.

http://www.sipiapa.org/projects/laws-can.cfm

Guidelines for broadcast licensees – Federal general election

§      Highlights from existing legislation compiled to advise broadcast licensees on the applicability of laws and regulations during the election campaign of 2005-2006. Guidelines on blackout and sponsor identification provisions, advertising, news coverage, premature publication of election poll results and the publication of opinion surveys.

http://www.crtc.gc.ca/archive/ENG/Circulars/2005/c2005-467.htm

Français:

Conseil de la radiodiffusion et des télécommunications canadiennes (CRTC) – Lois et règlements en radiodiffusion et télécommunications

§      Liens vers le texte des lois et règlements sur la radiodiffusion et les télécommunications.

http://www.crtc.gc.ca/frn/statutes.htm

Directives aux radiodiffuseurs en vue de l’élection générale fédérale

§      Compilation des points saillants des lois et règlements existants visant à guider les titulaires de licences de radiodiffusion relativement à l’applicabilité des lois durant la campagne électorale de 2005-2006. Directives sur les interdictions, l’identification du commanditaire, la publicité, la couverture des événements, la publication prématurée du résultat du scrutin et publication des résultats de sondages.

http://www.crtc.gc.ca/archive/frn/circulars/2005/c2005-467.htm

ELECTORAL AND POLITICAL FINANCE LAWS

 LOI ÉLECTORALE ET DE FINANCEMENT POLITIQUE

English:

Electoral Law & Policy - Elections Canada

§         Information on electoral legislation and other related matters.

http://www.elections.ca/intro.asp?section=loi&document=index&lang=e&textonly=false

New Campaign Finance Legislation

§      Content of new legislation significantly changing the way Canadian political parties finance their activities, information on electoral legislation and related matters, along with details of research undertaken on electoral administration issues.

http://www.elections.ca/content.asp?section=loi&document=index&dir=com&lang=e&textonly=false

Canada Elections Act (2000, c. 9)

§         Canada Election Finances Act.

http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/E-2.01/

Political Finance Database

§      Criteria-based description of political finance and media laws relating to political parties. Themes covered include regulations and enforcement, disclosure of income, ceilings on income, bans on sources of income, disclosure and ceilings on expenditures, direct public funding, indirect public funding and media access. Results displayed in chart form, question and yes/no answer format. Text of laws not available.

http://www.idea.int/parties/finance/db/country_view.cfm

Administration and Cost of Elections (ACE Project)

§      Links to federal and provincial and territorial bodies administering elections and electoral law.

http://www.aceproject.org/main/english/pi/pid_ca.htm

Français:

Lois et politiques électorales – Élections Canada

§         Information on electoral legislation and other related matters.

http://www.elections.ca/intro.asp?section=loi&document=index&lang=f&textonly=false

Modifications à la loi sur le financement des campagnes

§         Contenu des réformes importantes de la législation électorale et de financement politique, ainsi que des détails sur les recherches menées dans le domaine de l'administration électorale.

http://www.elections.ca/intro.asp?section=loi&document=index&lang=f&textonly=false

Loi électorale du Canada (2000, ch. 9)

§      Contenu et annexes de la loi électorale canadienne.

            http://lois.justice.gc.ca/fr/E-2.01/index.html

Le projet Administration et coût des élections (projet ACE)

§      Liens vers les entités provinciales et fédérales responsables de l’administration des élections et des lois électorales.

http://www.aceproject.org/main/francais/pi/pid_ca.htm

Government Departments and Agencies

Ministères et organismes gouvernementaux

English:

Government of Canada – Departments and Agencies

§      This comprehensive list provides direct links to the primary Web sites of Government of Canada departments, agencies and Crown corporations, as well as links to Web sites maintained by organizations for which various departments and agencies are responsible.

http://www.gc.ca/depts/major/depind_e.html

Français:

Gouvernement du Canada – Ministères et organismes

§      Liste exhaustive suivante contient des liens à la page principale des sites des ministères, organismes et sociétés d'État du gouvernement du Canada ainsi qu'aux sites des organisations sous leurs responsabilités.

http://www.gc.ca/depts/major/depind_f.html

Reports and Background Documents

Rapports et documents de fond

POLITICAL FINANCE

FINANCEMENT POLITIQUE

English:

Commission of Inquiry into the Sponsorship Program and Advertising Activities - Who is Responsible? Phase 1 Report.

§      Findings and rulings of the Commission appointed on the recommendation of the Prime Minister of Canada in 2004 to investigate the mismanagement of a sponsorship and advertising program and connections with illicit financing of the Liberal Party of Canada (PLC). Access transcripts of testimonies, rulings, November 2003 report of the Auditor General.

http://www.gomery.ca/en/

Financial Reports – Elections Canada Database

§      Reports on expenditures of candidates, parties and associations during election campaigns, leadership contests and nomination contests. Details of contributions to parties.

            http://www.elections.ca/scripts/webpep/fin/welcome.aspx?lang=e

Financing Democracy in the Americas – Political Parties, Campaigns and Elections – A special report by The Carter Center

§      Report on conference held at The Carter Center in March 2003, outlining the conclusions of participants on several aspects of democracy financing including the role of the media, systems of party financing, disclosure and limits and enforcement.

http://www.cartercenter.org/documents/1487.pdf

Global Corruption Report 2005 - Transparency International

§      Report from Transparency International evaluates and measures several dimensions of corruption around the world. Case study from Canada page 125. Individual country reports including many from Latin America. Country ranking, index score.

http://www.globalcorruptionreport.org/

Money in Politics Handbook: A Guide to Increasing Transparency in Emerging Democracies – A joint USAID / OEA analysis 

§      Comprehensive analysis of structure, process, actors of political finance in emerging democracies, problems, recommendations for reform to foster transparency. Joint publication by US Agency for International Development and the Organization of American States (Unit for Promotion of Democracy and the Inter-American Forum on Political Parties. November 2003.

http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/democracy_and_governance/publications/pdfs/pnacr223.pdf

The Delicate Balance between Political Equity and Freedom of Expression – Political Party Financing in the United States and Canada

§      Joint publication by the OAS and International IDEA comparing political finance regimes in Canada and the US. Canada’s regime provides public financing of about two-thirds of candidate and party costs, while imposing expenditure ceilings on candidate, party, and even “third party” or interest group spending. US candidates and parties rely more heavily upon private financing through more generous contribution limits from individual, political action committee and political party sources. Spending limits are provided only in presidential campaigns and are acceptable only when candidates voluntarily agree to them as a condition of their acceptance of public financing. Edited by Steven Griner and Daniel Zovatto.
http://www.ddpa.oas.org/publications/2005/fiapp/delicate_balance/default.htm

Français:

Commission d’enquête sur le programme de commandites et les activités publicitaires - Qui est responsable? Rapport, Phase 1.

§      Faits et décisions de la commission mise sur pied suivant la recommandation du Premier ministre du Canada en 2004 pour enquêter sur la mauvaise gestion du programme de commandites et des activités publicitaires reliées et des connections avec le financement illicite du Parti Libéral du Canada (PLC). Le site contient  des transcriptions des témoignages, les décisions et autres documents, y compris le rapport de la vérificatrice générale du Canada de Novembre 2003.

http://www.gomery.ca/fr/index.asp

Rapport Mondial sur la corruption 2005 de Transparency International

§      Rapport évaluant et mesurant plusieurs aspects de la corruption mondiale. Étude de cas du Canada en page 156. Rapports par pays y compris plusieurs des Amériques. Classement des pays, index.

http://www.globalcorruptionreport.org/

Rapports financiers – Base de données d’Élections Canada

§      Reports on expenditures of candidates, parties and associations during election campaigns, leadership contests and nomination contests. Détails des contributions faites aux partis.

http://www.elections.ca/scripts/webpep/fin/welcome.aspx?lang=f

MEDIA

MÉDIAS

English:

Inter-American Press Association Report on Freedom of the Press -Canada - 2005

§      Update on press freedom in Canada with a summary of events and tensions between the press and the government.

http://www.sipiapa.com/pulications/informe_canada2005o.cfm

Freedom House Freedom of the Press 2005: A Global Survey of Media Independence

§      Global, regional and individual assessments of press freedom. Country rankings. Canada on page 52.

http://www.freedomhouse.org/research/pressurvey/fop05.pdf

World Audit Press Freedom Report

§      Assessment of press freedom and related events by country in the world for the year 2004.

http://www.worldaudit.org/presstext.htm

Articles and Papers

Articles et essais

English:

Bickerton, James, Alain-G. Gagnon, Patrick J. Smith. 2002. “Ties that bind : parties and voters in Canada.”

Eagles, Munroe, Harold Jansen, Anthony Sayers, and Lisa Young. 2005. "Financing Federal Nomination Contests in Canada – An Overview of the 2004 Experience." Paper presented to the Annual Meeting of the Canadian Political Science Association, London, Ontario.

Jansen, Harold and Lisa Young. 2005. "Solidarity Forever? The NDP, Organized Labour, and the Changing Face of Party Finance in Canada." Paper presented to the Annual Meeting of the Canadian Political Science Association, London, Ontario.

Nesbitt-Larking, Paul c2001. “Politics, society, and the media : Canadian perspectives.”

Sayers, Anthony M. and Lisa Young. 2004. "Election Campaign and Party Financing in Canada." Democratic Audit of Australia.

Soroka,  Stuart N. c2002, “Agenda-setting dynamics in Canada”.

Taras, David. c2001. “Power and betrayal in the Canadian media”

Français:

Bickerton, James, Alain-G. Gagnon, Patrick J. Smith. 2002. “Partis politiques et comportement électoral au Canada : filiations et affiliations”; traduit de l'anglais par Dominique Fortier. 

Levasseur, Jean. 2000. “Anatomie d'un référendum (1995) : le syndrome d'une désinformation médiatique et politique”.

Monière,  Denis. 1999. “Démocratie médiatique et représentation politique : analyse comparative de quatre journaux télévisés : Radio-Canada, France 2, RTBF (Belgique) et TSR (Suisse).”

Main Media in Canada

Principaux médias canadiens

GROUPS

GROUPES

English:

Bell Globemedia

www.bellglobemedia.com

Quebecor

www.quebecor.com

Media Producers

§      Links to Canada’s largest daily newspapers and specialty networks.      

http://www.mediawatch.ca/mediaproducers.html

Television and Radio Stations and Groups

http://www.tvb.ca/intro1.htm

Rogers

www.rogers.com

Français :

Bell Globemedia

www.bellglobemedia.com

Quebecor

www.quebecor.com

Stations et réseaux de télévision et radio

http://www.tvb.ca/buton1f_1.htm

Rogers

www.rogers.com

MAIN NEWSPAPERS

PRINCIPAUX JOURNAUX

English:

The Globe and Mail

www.theglobeandmail.com

The National Post

www.canada.com/nationalpost/

Français :

La Presse

www.cyberpresse.ca

Le Devoir

www.ledevoir

TELEVISION

English :

Canadian Broadcasting Corporation

www.cbc.ca

CTV

www.ctv.ca

Français:

Société Radio-Canada

www.radio-Canada.ca

Télé-Québec

http://www.telequebec.qc.ca/

TVA

tva.canoe.com

Civil Society Organizations

Organismes de la société civile

NATIONAL

NATIONAUX

English:

Advertising Standards Canada

§      The Canadian advertising industry’s self-regulatory body. ASC’s mission is to ensure the integrity and viability of advertising. It administers the Canadian Code of Advertising Standards, provides consumers with an accessible mechanism to submit a complaint about an advertisement, reports on consumers' complaints and provides industry with a confidential mechanism to resolve competitive disputes about advertising.

http://www.adstandards.com/

Canadian Association of Journalists

§      National non-profit public interest advocacy and professional development organization serving Canadian journalists from all media, including print, radio and television. The CAJ promotes excellence in journalism and encourages investigative journalism.

http://www.caj.ca/

Canadian Association of Broadcasters

§      The CAB is the national voice of Canada's private broadcasters, representing the vast majority of Canadian programming services, including private radio and television stations, networks, and specialty, pay and pay-per-view services.

http://www.cab-acr.ca/

Canadian Broadcast Standards Council (CBSC)

§      Independent, non-governmental organization created by the Canadian Association of Broadcasters (CAB) to administer standards established by Canada's private broadcasters. The Council deals with complaints and queries from the public about Canada's private broadcasters' programming. It promotes self-regulation in programming matters by Canada's private sector broadcasters.

http://www.cbsc.ca/

Canadian Foundation for the Americas (FOCAL)

§      Independent policy institute devoted to policy development on social, political and economic issues facing the Americas. Activities and projects promote greater Canadian engagement in the hemisphere and aim to achieve progress in development and governance through research, analysis and dialogue between institutions and actors in the region. Partner in the “Mapping the media in the Americas” project.

www.focal.ca

Canadian Newspaper Association

§      Non-profit organization representing Canadian daily newspapers (English and French). The CNA promotes the positive reputation of newspapers as an essential medium that benefits all Canadians, and as an effective vehicle for advertisers. The CNA is a vigorous champion of journalistic freedom and democratic reform and is a valued source of industry information, trends and best practices.

http://www.cna-acj.ca/

Institute for Media, Policy and Civil Society (IMPACS)

§      Registered not-for-profit charitable organization committed to the expansion and protection of democracy and the strengthening of civil society. The Communications Centre provides communication training, skills development tools, services and materials. The International Media Program fosters the development of free, critical and effective media worldwide, and enhances the media's role in the process of democratic development, good governance, and public sector accountability and transparency.

www.impacs.org

Latin American Research Centre at the University of Calgary

§        Partner in the “Mapping the media in the Americas” project with members from the Department of Geography and the Faculty of Social Sciences. Information on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology, mapping, other disciplinary and interdisciplinary research activities of the Latin American Research Center.

http://www.ucalgary.ca/

Planet Friendly

§         Portal with resources and links on the environment, the media and elections. Reports and monitoring of federal, provincial & municipal Elections of 2003 and 2004.

http://www.planetfriendly.net/election/portal.html 

Français:

Association canadienne des journaux

§      Organisme à but non lucratif représentant 99 quotidiens canadiens de langue française ou anglaise.

L'Association canadienne des journaux promeut  l'excellente réputation des journaux comme source médiatique essentielle pour les Canadiens et sensibilise les annonceurs à leur efficacité. L'ACJ est un grand défenseur de la liberté de la presse et des réformes démocratiques et une importante source de renseignements, de tendances et de meilleures pratiques.

http://www.cna-acj.ca/

Association canadienne des radiodiffuseurs

§      Porte-parole national des radiotélédiffuseurs privés du Canada. L’ACR représente la grande majorité des services de programmation privés canadiens, y compris les stations de radio et de télévision, les réseaux et les services de télévision spécialisée et payante et à la carte.

http://www.cab-acr.ca/

Centre de recherches sur l’Amérique latine de l’Université de Calgary

§      Partenaire de ce projet de mappage des médias dans les Amériques par l’intermédiaire du département de géographie et du Centre de recherche sur l’Amérique latine (LARC).  Information sur les systèmes d’information géographique (SIG) et le mappage et les recherches disciplinaires et interdisciplinaires du Centre de recherches sur l’Amérique latine. Site en anglais.

http://www.ucalgary.ca/

Conseil canadien des normes de la radiotélévision

§      Organisation indépendante et non-gouvernementale qui administre les normes établies par les producteurs privés. Le Conseil prend les plaintes et requêtes du public concernant la programmation privée et promeut l’autodiscipline des diffuseurs privés en ce qui a trait à la programmation.

http://www.cbsc.ca/

Fondation canadienne pour les Amériques (FOCAL)

§      Organisation non-gouvernementale et indépendante qui se consacre au développement de politiques sur les questions sociales, politiques et économiques concernant les Amériques. Ses activités et projets visent à promouvoir un engagement accru du Canada dans l’hémisphère et à effectuer des progrès en développement et en gouvernance par la recherche, l’analyse et le dialogue avec les institutions et acteurs régionaux. Partenaire de ce projet de mappage des medias dans les Amériques.

ww.focal.ca

Normes canadiennes de la publicité

§      Organisme mis sur pied par l’industrie, afin de susciter et de maintenir la confiance du public dans la publicité. NCP assure l’intégrité et la vitalité de l’industrie grâce à son autoréglementation, administre et fait la promotion du Code canadien des normes de la publicité, traite les plaintes de consommateurs et des groupes d'intérêt particulier contre la publicité, et administre également la Procédure en matière de plainte intra-industrie (les litiges entre annonceurs).

http://www.adstandards.com/fr/index.asp

PROVINCIAL

PROVINCIAUX

English:

Alberta Press Council

www.albertapresscouncil.ca

British Columbia Press Council

http://www.bcpresscouncil.org/

Ontario Press Council

http://www.ontpress.com/

Français:

Conseil de Presse du Québec

http://www.conseildepresse.qc.ca/

INTERNATIONAL

INTERNATIONAUX

English:

Administration and Cost of Elections Project (ACE project)

 §        Partnership between several organizations and government agencies of which the objective is to provide a globally accessible source of clear information and guidelines on election administration. Translation of documents related to election administration. Section on elections and the media.

http://www.aceproject.org/

Inter-American Press Association

§        Non-profit organization dedicated to defending freedom of expression and of the press throughout the Americas. Membership composed of newspapers and magazines. The organization prepares annual reports, on press freedom in countries of the Western Hemisphere.  Additional reports and documents on related topics.

http://www.sipiapa.com/default.cfm

International Federation of Journalists

§        Organization promoting international action to defend press freedom and social justice through trade unions of journalists. Provision of legal and safety support for journalists. The federation publishes regional and thematic reports.

www.ifj.org

International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES)

§        Organization promoting democracy and good governance. Proposes solutions to problems of democratization and provides technical assistance to strengthen transitional democracies in Africa, America, Asia, Middle East and Europe.

www.ifes.org

International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA)

§        Intergovernmental organization operating at an interface between those who analyse and monitor trends in democracy and those who engage directly in political reform, develop and strengthen institutions and culture of democracy. Activities include election observation. Publications on many themes including political parties and elections.

http://www.idea.int/

International Republican Institute

§        Not-for-profit organization supporting the growth of political and economic freedom, good governance and human rights.  Activities include education of the public, political parties and governments on the values and practices of democracy. One area of its work focuses on improving financial transparency. Publications on various themes including financial management training for political parties.

www.iri.org

National Democratic Institute

§        Non-profit organization dedicated to strengthening and expanding democracy worldwide. NDI provides practical assistance to civic and political leaders and works to build political and civic organizations, safeguard elections, and to promote citizen participation, openness and accountability in government. Program on Latin America and the Caribbean. Publications on political finance.

www.ndi.org

The Carter Center

§        Non-profit organization founded in 1982 by former U.S. President Jimmy Carter and his wife, Rosalynn, to advance human rights and alleviate human suffering. The Carter Center is involved in the strengthening of democracies, mediation in civil and international conflicts; health prevention and diminishing the stigma against mental illness. Its Americas Program is a partner in this project of “Mapping the media in the Americas” and has been involved in the area of political finance. Publications include election monitoring reports and “Financing Democracy in the Americas”.

www.cartercenter.org

Français:

Projet Administration et coût des élections (ACE project)

§        Partenariat entre plusieurs organismes et agences gouvernementales ayant pour objectif de fournir une source d’information globale et des lignes directrices sur l’administration électorale. Documents reliés à l’administration électorale disponibles pour plusieurs pays et en plusieurs langues. Section sur le rôle des médias dans les élections.

http://www.aceproject.org/

Carter Center

§        Organisme sans but lucratif fondé en 1982 par l’ancien président américain Jimmy Carter et sa femme Rosalynn pour avancer les droits humains et alléger la souffrance humaine. Le Carter Center est impliqué dans la consolidation des démocraties, la médiation de conflits civiles et internationaux, la prévention dans la santé et la diminution des préjugés face aux maladies mentales.  Le programme des Amériques est un partenaire dans ce projet de mappage des médias dans les Amériques et dans l’étude du financement politique plus généralement. Publications varies y compris sur l’observation d’élections et sur le financement de la démocratie dans les Amériques. Site en anglais.

www.cartercenter.org

Fédération internationale des journalistes

§        Organisme promoteur de l’action internationale pour la défense de la liberté de presse et de la justice, notamment par la syndicalisation des journalistes.  Provision de support légal et de sécurité pour les journalistes. Publication de rapports régionaux et thématiques.

www.ifj.org

Multilateral Organizations

Organisations multilatérales

English:

Organization of American States

§        Regional intergovernmental organization formed of 34 member countries of the Western Hemisphere. The OAS’ main focus is diplomatic and political. The OAS plays an active role in democracy promotion and strengthening with activities in election observation and political party building through the Inter-American Forum on Political Parties and the Office for promotion of Democracy. Publications on various themes and countries.

www.oas.org

http://www.upd.oas.org/

http://www.upd.oas.org/lab/executive_coo/fiapp_spa.html

Organization of the United Nations

§        Global organization, whose mandate is to promote peace, respect for human rights, protect the environment, fight disease and reduce poverty. Activities include peacekeeping and humanitarian assistance. Particular attention paid to Latin America and the Caribbean in work by the United Nations Development Programme and the Economic Commission on Latin America and the Caribbean.

http://www.un.org/

www.undp.org

http://www.cepal.org/default.asp?idioma=IN

Français:

Organisation des Nations Unies

§        Organisation globale ayant pour mandat de promouvoir la paix, le respect des droits humains, la protection de l’environnement, combattre la maladie et réduire la pauvreté. Activités varies incluant le maintien de la paix et l’aide humanitaire.

http://www.un.org/

www.undp.org

Organisation des États Américains

§        Organisation régionale inter-gouvernementale au mandat diplomatique et politique formée de 34 pays membres. Active dans la promotion et le renforcement de la démocratie par des activités d’observation d’élections et de renforcement des partis politiques par l’entremise du Bureau pour la promotion de la démocratie et du Forum interaméricain sur les partis politiques. Publications sur des thèmes variés avec version française de certaines publications. Sites majoritairement en anglais.

www.oas.org

http://www.upd.oas.org/

http://www.upd.oas.org/lab/executive_coo/fiapp_spa.html